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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Coupled Surface-Bulk Engineering of Ceria-Based Cathodes Enables High-Temperature CO2 Electrolysis
Jinglin Wu1, Weichan Huang1, Hang Bao1
1School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Abstract:
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) enable efficient high-temperature electrochemical CO2 conversion, yet cathode performance is limited by insufficient surface reactivity and bulk transport. Herein, we report a coupled engineering strategy to enhance surface reactivity and bulk transport of Ce-based cathodes via rational dual-metal (Co, Fe) incorporation. The resulting Co0.05Fe0.05-incorporated Gd-doped ceria (Co0.05Fe0.05-GDC) exhibits enriched surface Ce3+-oxygen vacancy (Cesurf.3+-VO) motifs and improved bulk transport. A single cell with the Co0.05Fe0.05-GDC cathode achieves a current density of 1.88 A cm-2 (2.20 A cm-2 with a thinner 250 μm electrolyte) at 800 °C under 1.6 V and demonstrates stable operation for 580 h. Mechanistic studies reveal that Fe promotes CO2 adsorption, activation, and dissociation via enriched Cesurf.3+-VO motifs and active Fe sites, whereas Co lowers the oxygen migration barrier and narrows the bandgap, overcoming bulk transport limitations. This work provides a cost-effective design for high-performance ceria-based cathodes by coupling surface reactivity with bulk transport.
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