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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

How work hours affect well-being: A target trial emulation.

Ballerina X S Chong¹, Chris G Sibley², Joseph A Bulbulia^1,3

¹School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.

|June 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing work hours by 10 per week most clearly lowers fatigue and is better supported by data. Increasing work hours raises fatigue and reduces sleep, with mixed effects on other well-being outcomes.

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Published on: June 18, 2014

Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Psychology
Epidemiology

Background:

Correlational studies suggest links between work hours and well-being, but cannot establish causality.
Target-trial emulation offers a method to estimate causal effects from observational data.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the causal impact of changing weekly work hours on multiple well-being outcomes.
To assess the effects of a hypothetical 10-hour increase or decrease in work hours on 28 well-being indicators.

Main Methods:

Utilized three waves of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (NZAVS, N = 24,579; 2020-2023).
Employed target-trial emulation with machine-learning methods to adjust for baseline differences and account for dropout.
Estimated effects of shifting weekly work hours up by 10 or down by 10.

Main Results:

Decreasing work hours most clearly reduced fatigue and showed better data support.
Increasing work hours most clearly raised fatigue and reduced sleep; adverse effects on BMI and perceived physical health were observed but sensitive to confounding.
Most well-being outcomes showed minimal change, and effects were generally more robust for fatigue.

Conclusions:

Work-hour reductions appear more consistently beneficial for fatigue than increases are detrimental.
Effects on body mass index and perceived physical health are sensitive to residual confounding.
Shifts in work hours primarily impact recovery and perceived physical health, with limited effects on broader well-being measures.