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Improvements in Infant Mortality From Congenital Cardiovascular Abnormalities Differ by Race in Wisconsin and the US,
1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Insights
Infant mortality from congenital cardiovascular defects (CCDs) has decreased nationwide and in Wisconsin. However, disparities persist, with higher rates among non-White populations, indicating a need for targeted prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Congenital cardiovascular defects (CCDs) are the primary cause of death among infants with birth defects.
- Addressing infant mortality from CCDs is a critical public health concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in infant mortality due to CCDs in Wisconsin and the U.S. from 1995 to 2022.
- To identify demographic disparities in CCD-related infant mortality.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive analysis of infant mortality data.
- Utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging ONline Database for Epidemiological Research (WONDER).
- Examined data from 1995 to 2022 for Wisconsin and the United States.
Main Results:
- Infant mortality from congenital cardiovascular defects (CCDIM) significantly declined in both the U.S. (P < .0001) and Wisconsin (P = .024).
- In the U.S., higher CCDIM rates were observed among African American and American Indian/Alaska Native populations compared to Asian or White populations.
- Wisconsin showed higher CCDIM rates in non-White populations compared to White populations.
Conclusions:
- While CCDIM has decreased, significant racial and ethnic disparities persist in Wisconsin.
- Observed disparities suggest that behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors contribute to CCDIM.
- These findings highlight opportunities for targeted public health interventions to reduce infant mortality from CCDs.
Background:
Infant mortality from congenital cardiovascular defects (CCDs) is the leading cause of death among individuals with birth defects.
Methods:
A descriptive analysis of infant mortality due to CCDs in Wisconsin and the United States was performed using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging ONline Database for Epidemiological Research (WONDER) from 1995 to 2022.
Results:
Congenital cardiovascular defect-related infant mortality (CCDIM) declined during this period in the United States (P < .0001) and in Wisconsin (P = .024). In the United States, African American and American Indian or Alaska Native populations experienced higher rates than Asian or White populations. In Wisconsin, non-White populations experienced higher CCDIM rates than White populations.
Discussion:
CCDIM in Wisconsin has declined over time. However, an excess of CCDIM in non-White populations persists compared with White populations. Because many risk factors for CCDIM are related to behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, these observed differences may represent opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.
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