Differential patterns of element accumulation by Typha latifolia L. based on the chemical variability of wet moats

The metal accumulation abilities of Typha latifolia L. are of particular importance in small, semi-enclosed aquatic ecosystems in human-modified landscapes, which are highly susceptible to anthropogenic pollution. In this study, major and trace elements, with a particular focus on rare earth elements (REEs), were studied in samples collected from three wet castle moats in the Wielkopolska Region, Poland. The analysis of selected elements in water, bottom sediments (BS) and different parts of T. latifolia L. aimed to reveal the plant's potential to accumulate and redistribute elements, depending on the characteristics of its growth site. Differences in accumulation patterns among plants from different locations ranged from almost none to very high, depending on the specific element, as indicated by the Bioaccumulation Factor (from 0.04 to 274) and Translocation Factor (from 0.01 to 11.4) values. The studied plants were capable of effective lanthanum uptake, whereas other REEs were accumulated at a disproportionately lower rate than their content in the BS. Different accumulation patterns reflect differences in the elemental composition of BS among the studied moats. This study enhances understanding of how aquatic plants take up and accumulate elements, with implications for environmental assessment and management of small aquatic systems.