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Open bite malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction in patients with rare diseases
Christina Havner1,2, Åsa Mogren2,3, Lotta Sjögreen2,3
1Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, PO Box 450, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
Aim:
To compare orofacial dysfunctions (OFD) in individuals with rare diseases, with and without open bite (OB) malocclusion, and to explore the associated symptoms.
Patients And Methods:
In total, data for 788 individuals representing 164 different rare diseases, were collected from the MHC database for the period of 2013-2019. The inclusion criteria were having a rare disease and having completed the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). OB was categorized as anterior OB (AOB), lateral OB (LOB), and severe anterior OB (AOBS). The sample was divided into two groups: 142 with OB (mean age, 14.2 ± 13.0 years; 81 males, 61 females); and 557 with normal vertical relation (NVR) (mean age, 15.1 ± 12.9 years; 292 males, 265 females). OFD was compared between the groups. Items from the NOT-S test were analysed, and the Odds Ratio (OR) for OB was calculated.
Results:
The OB prevalence was 18%, with AOB being the most-common sub-type (58%), followed by AOBS (15%) and LOB (13%). Nemaline myopathy was the disease with the highest prevalence rates for OB and AOBS. The OB group had a larger proportion of OFD than the NVR group in 6/12 domains of the NOT-S. Deviant tongue posture was most strongly associated with OB (OR 6.062).
Conclusion:
Two-thirds of the individuals had OFD, and OB was a common finding (18%). Rare diseases with symptoms of orofacial hypotonia, craniofacial abnormalities and macroglossia show a higher prevalence of OB. A deviant tongue posture showed the highest odds for OB in this group of rare diseases.
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