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Ultrasound processing induces mild protein oxidation and significant changes in physicochemical properties of milk
Mysore Lokesh Bhavya1, Mohammad Bayati2, Mahesha M Poojary2
1Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ashtown, Ireland.
Abstract:
Ultrasound (US) processing is a promising food technology to improve protein solubility, reduce particle size, and modify functional properties. However, concerns exist regarding US-induced protein oxidation due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation during treatment. This study evaluated the effects of US on physicochemical properties and oxidative modifications in raw milk (RM), skim milk powder (SMP), and milk protein concentrate (MPC). US treatment significantly reduced apparent viscosity and particle size, especially in MPC. Solubility decreased in RM but increased in MPC, with no major changes observed in SMP. LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis revealed low levels (μg/g range) of aromatic amino acid-derived oxidation products, including kynurenine, o-tyrosine, m-tyrosine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan. UHPLC-based amino acid analysis showed minimal alterations in overall amino acid composition. These results indicate that while US processing substantially modifies the physicochemical properties of milk proteins, it induces only minor oxidative changes, with minor effects on amino acid stability.
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