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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ
08:44

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Published on: June 5, 2018

Interobserver Variability Across Whole-Slide Imaging Systems.

Benzion Samueli, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Marina Baine

    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    |June 8, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Evaluating whole-slide images (WSIs) for diagnostic quality shows significant variability among observers and scanners. Establishing uniform standards is crucial for patient safety and AI development in digital pathology.

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    Published on: July 11, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Digital Pathology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

    Background:

    • Whole-slide images (WSIs) are critical for diagnostics and AI development.
    • Adequate WSI quality is essential, but standards for adequacy are not well-defined.
    • Inadequate slides require re-scanning, highlighting the need for clear quality benchmarks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess inter-cohort agreement in evaluating WSI quality and diagnostic adequacy.
    • To identify variability in WSI quality assessment across different observer groups and scanners.

    Main Methods:

    • 180 WSIs from 60 slides scanned on three different platforms (Leica GT450, Hamamatsu NanoZoomer S360, Huron TissueScope iQ) were evaluated.
    • 12 observers from four groups (attending physicians, fellows, technicians) assessed WSIs for quality (pass/fail).
    • Cohen's kappa was calculated to measure interobserver agreement; WSI pass rates were compared across cohorts and scanners.

    Main Results:

    • Interobserver agreement was generally weak to very poor (Cohen's kappa 0.21-0.4 or <0.2) across most cohorts and scanners.
    • Scanner performance rankings varied significantly depending on the observer cohort.
    • Technicians favored the GT450, fellows the TissueScope iQ, and attending physicians the NanoZoomer S360.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant variability exists in WSI quality ratings among observers and cohorts.
    • Establishing uniform, reproducible WSI quality standards is vital for patient safety, consistent care, and reliable AI model development.
    • Standardization will improve the efficiency of re-scanning subpar slides and ensure AI models are trained on clinically relevant images.