Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Clinical correlates of ocular dominance in post-facial paralysis synkinesis
Akanksha Kapur1, Jessica Henry1, Rachel S Lee1
1Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Purpose:
We aimed to explore the relationship between ocular dominance and synkinesis severity.
Methods:
Through phone interviews and a web-based survey, patients were asked to test their ocular dominance via the Miles test. Additionally, patients were asked to complete the standardized synkinesis questionnaire to assess the severity of their symptoms, where higher scores correlate with more severe symptoms. A retrospective chart review and survey were conducted on eligible patients.
Results:
Sixty-six participants with a mean age of 66.24 years (standard deviation 11.80 years) completed the survey. Patients with bilateral ocular dominance demonstrated significantly higher synkinesis scores (p < 0.05). No notable difference between the patient groups (same side ocular dominance, opposite ocular dominance, and bilateral dominance) emerged in Botox intervention (total units and number of treatments) or presence of surgical intervention.
Conclusions:
Bilateral ocular dominance was associated with higher synkinesis scores. These findings may help guide patient expectations regarding relevant interventions including botulinum injections and surgery; however, no significant difference was found in management. Further studies may be needed to expand the generalizability of these findings.
Related Concept Videos
Prosopagnosia
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Muscles of the Eye
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
