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Novel 1-bit hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface
Sajedeh Keshmiri1, Suren Jayasuriya2, Mohammadreza F Imani2
1School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. s.keshmiri@asu.edu.
Scientific Reports
|June 8, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel 1-bit hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS) for autonomous wireless networks. The HRIS efficiently senses signal angle of arrival (AoA) and redirects signals, enabling self-configuring communication systems.
Area of Science:
- Wireless communication engineering
- Metamaterials and intelligent surfaces
- Signal processing and sensing
Background:
- Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enhance wireless networks but often require external channel information, limiting autonomy.
- Existing hybrid RIS (HRIS) designs for self-configuration can be complex, leading to weak sensing signals or high costs.
- Autonomous sensing and signal redirection are crucial for future smart wireless networks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel, low-cost, 1-bit hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS) with integrated sensing capabilities.
- To enable the HRIS to autonomously sense the angle of arrival (AoA) of incident signals.
- To demonstrate a simple HRIS design that can redirect signals without external feedback loops.
Main Methods:
- Designed a 1-bit HRIS with independently tunable resonant patch elements loaded with PIN diodes.
- Integrated sensing by coupling signals into a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) via small slots.
- Utilized computational processing and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for AoA detection and varied slot sizes for phase randomization.
Main Results:
- The proposed HRIS successfully senses incident signal AoA and redirects signals.
- The integrated sensing mechanism provides a strong signal despite the simple geometry.
- Phase randomization effectively suppresses undesired quantization lobes.
Conclusions:
- The developed 1-bit HRIS offers a simple, low-cost solution for autonomous wireless networks.
- This HRIS technology can significantly advance intelligent wireless communication, power transfer, and sensing.
- The absence of feedback loops enhances the autonomy and practicality of the HRIS.
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