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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...

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What's New in Photoprotection?

Zita Álvarez-Bobillo1, Tamara Gracia-Cazaña1, Yolanda Gilaberte2

  • 1Dermatology Service, Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1-3, P.O. Box: 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoprotection is advancing with new topical filters, oral agents, and personalized strategies. These innovations offer enhanced protection against UV and visible light, improving prevention of sun damage and skin cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Photobiology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Complete photoprotection traditionally involves shade, clothing, and sunscreen.
  • Recent advances introduce novel ingredients, formulations, oral strategies, and personalized approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest developments in photoprotection strategies.
  • To summarize innovations in topical and oral photoprotective agents.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative literature review was conducted from January 2010 to October 2025.
  • Searched terms included photoprotection, sunscreen innovation, visible light, oral photoprotection, microbiome, climate change, and personalized approaches.

Main Results:

  • New topical filters target UVA1 and visible light; tinted sunscreens incorporate iron oxides and titanium dioxide.
  • Antioxidants, DNA repair enzymes, and natural bioactive ingredients show promise.
  • Personalized strategies consider skin type, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Photoprotection is evolving into a multidimensional approach.
  • Integrates advanced topical formulations, oral agents, and individualized recommendations.
  • Offers improved prevention of photoaging, pigmentary disorders, and skin cancer with sustainable practices.