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Preliminary evaluation of an AI-enhanced simulated interprofessional learning intervention for pharmacy students: a
Iqbal Fahs1,2, Mariam Dabbous3,4,5, Jihan Safwan3,5,6,7
1School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Moussaitbeh, Salim Salam, Beirut, Lebanon. iqbal.fahs@liu.edu.lb.
BMC Medical Education
|June 9, 2026
Summary
This study shows that AI-enhanced interprofessional learning improves pharmacy students' collaborative skills and readiness for AI in healthcare. The intervention positively impacted self-reported competencies and knowledge in antimicrobial stewardship.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Interprofessional Collaboration
Background:
- Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial for pharmacy students' collaborative practice readiness.
- Logistical challenges often hinder traditional IPE.
- This study explores an AI-enhanced simulation for IPE.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of an AI-enhanced simulated interprofessional learning intervention on pharmacy students.
- To evaluate changes in self-reported interprofessional competencies.
- To measure perceived readiness for AI in healthcare and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) knowledge.
Main Methods:
- A pilot quasi-experimental study with 112 pharmacy students.
- Intervention: AI-enhanced simulation with virtual avatars in a recurrent urinary tract infection case.
- Outcomes measured by ICCAS, MAIRS, AMS questionnaire; analyzed using t-tests, MANCOVA, regression, and thematic analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements observed in Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS), Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS), and AMS knowledge scores (p < 0.001).
- Qualitative data revealed enhanced communication, teamwork, clinical reasoning, and AI awareness.
- Higher academic year, prior IPE, simulation experience, and digital literacy correlated with better outcomes.
Conclusions:
- AI-enhanced simulated IPE shows promise for improving pharmacy students' collaborative competencies and AI readiness.
- Preliminary findings suggest positive effects on self-reported skills and AMS knowledge.
- Further controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
