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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

Noninvasive Detection of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.

Ling Li¹, Gary Tse², George Bazoukis³

¹Department of Neurology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China.

Current Cardiology Reviews

|June 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD) is challenging. This review highlights noninvasive imaging tools, biomarkers, and AI to improve early CMVD detection and management for better cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords:

Coronary microvascular dysfunction cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)coronary artery disease microRNAs.myocardial ischemia noninvasive detection

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Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Imaging
Biomarkers

Background:

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction (CMVD) contributes to myocardial ischemia and adverse cardiovascular events.
Accurate early diagnosis of CMVD is crucial for timely intervention but is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with obstructive coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review noninvasive diagnostic tools for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction (CMVD).
To explore the potential of biomarkers and computational models in CMVD assessment.

Main Methods:

A narrative review of studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Independent screening and data extraction by two reviewers.

Main Results:

Noninvasive tools like PET, CMR, CT perfusion, and echocardiography offer quantitative assessments of myocardial blood flow and perfusion.
Circulating biomarkers, particularly microRNAs, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) show promise for CMVD diagnosis.
Each imaging modality presents unique advantages and limitations for evaluating CMVD.

Conclusions:

Noninvasive cardiovascular imaging, biomarkers, and computational models can identify CMVD-related changes.
Prospective studies are needed to validate these promising tools for clinical use.
Future research should focus on large-scale trials, including AI-enhanced CMR, to establish cost-effective diagnostic pathways for early CMVD detection.