Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - from Pathophysiology to Effective Management
Victor Prisacaru1, Serghei Covantsev2, Alexandr Ceasovschih3
1Department of Endocrinology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 1 "Gheorghe Palade", Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexist. This review details their interactions and management, emphasizing integrated care and modern therapies for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Internal Medicine
- Pulmonology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are prevalent chronic diseases with significant global health burdens.
- These conditions frequently occur together as comorbidities, complicating patient management and increasing morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the pathophysiological, genetic, and epigenetic interactions between T2DM and COPD.
- To investigate the therapeutic implications and clinical management strategies for patients with comorbid T2DM and COPD.
- To correlate management with updated international guidelines (GOLD 2026, ADA 2026).
Main Methods:
- Literature review and analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
- Examination of genetic and epigenetic factors influencing comorbid conditions.
- Synthesis of current therapeutic options and clinical guidelines.
Main Results:
- Identified complex interactions between T2DM and COPD at pathophysiological, genetic, and epigenetic levels.
- Highlighted the importance of personalized treatment and rigorous monitoring for comorbid patients.
- Emphasized the benefits of modern therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Conclusions:
- An integrated, multidisciplinary approach is crucial for managing patients with comorbid T2DM and COPD.
- Effective management strategies aim to prevent complications, reduce cardiovascular risk, and enhance quality of life.
- Adherence to updated guidelines and utilization of advanced therapies are key to optimizing patient outcomes.
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