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Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview

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3D-Printed Antibiotic Beads with Controlled Microarchitectures for Customizable Elution Profiles: An In Vitro Study.

Vivek K Bilolikar1,2, Duncan Van Vannest1,2, Clark Chen1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Jefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital - Jefferson Health, 5501 Old York Rd, WCB4, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing customizes polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic beads for orthopedic infections. Honeycomb structures offer sustained elution of vancomycin and tetracycline, showing antibacterial efficacy.

Keywords:
3D printingAntibioticsBone cementCADCustomized drug deliveryInfection managementOsteomyelitisPorogenProsthetic joint infection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic beads are standard for orthopedic infection control.
  • Inconsistent drug elution from conventional PMMA beads limits their effectiveness.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for precise control over implant architecture and drug release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how internal structural variations in 3D printed PMMA influence antibiotic elution profiles.
  • To assess the antibacterial properties of vancomycin and tetracycline delivered from these custom structures.
  • To explore the potential of 3D printing for developing advanced antibiotic-eluting orthopedic implants.

Main Methods:

  • Cylindrical PMMA specimens with vancomycin or tetracycline were fabricated using 3D printing.
  • Internal architectures (solid, hollow, large honeycomb, small honeycomb) and additives (NaCl, PVP) were varied.
  • Antibiotic elution was measured over 7 days, and antibacterial activity was tested against *S. epidermidis* and *E. coli*.

Main Results:

  • Tetracycline showed higher cumulative release than vancomycin.
  • Honeycomb structures, particularly the small honeycomb, demonstrated the most sustained and consistent elution.
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) affected elution differently based on the antibiotic, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) generally enhanced release.
  • All tested formulations exhibited significant antibacterial activity.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing provides a powerful tool for designing antibiotic-eluting orthopedic implants with tunable drug release kinetics.
  • The honeycomb architecture shows significant promise for achieving sustained antibiotic delivery.
  • Further in vivo research is warranted to validate these findings and optimize formulations for clinical application.