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Trends in Female First Authorship in Anatomical Science International: A 24-Year Analysis (2002-2025)
Takutoshi Inoue1, Toru Yamamoto2, Norio Kitagawa3
1Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN.
Cureus
|June 9, 2026
Summary
Female first authorship in anatomical sciences is increasing but remains low. Regional and article type disparities highlight the need for structural changes to promote gender equity in research.
Area of Science:
- Anatomical Sciences
- Academic Research
- Gender Equity
Background:
- Limited studies examine gender differences in authorship within anatomical sciences.
- Growing international attention on gender equity and diversity in academic research.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze regional differences and temporal trends in first author gender distribution in anatomical sciences.
- Investigate gender authorship patterns in *Anatomical Science International*.
Main Methods:
- PubMed database search for articles published 2002-2025.
- Examined gender, country of affiliation, and article type of first authors.
- Statistical analysis using Bonferroni method and Cochran-Armitage trend test.
Main Results:
- 27.5% of 1,029 first authors were female.
- Proportion of female first authors increased from 20.1% (2002-2006) to 31.4% (2022-2025).
- Japan had the lowest proportion (20.3%) compared to Asia excluding Japan (39.7%) and other regions (32.6%).
- Review articles had the lowest proportion of female first authors (18.7%).
Conclusions:
- Structural and contextual factors influence female authorship in anatomical research.
- Promoting inclusive participation and re-evaluating academic structures are crucial.
- Further development in anatomical research requires addressing gender disparities.
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