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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
09:12

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Published on: May 28, 2016

Synthesis of Patchy Particles at Phase Boundaries.

Lin Zhang1, Alexander Kuhn2

  • 1Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.

Small Methods
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review details methods for creating functional patchy particles, which have discrete surface domains for advanced applications. Understanding interfacial synthesis conditions is key to engineering complex particles with tailored features.

Keywords:
bipolar electrochemistryemulsionpatchy particlesphase boundaries

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and surface science
  • Materials chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Patchy particles, unlike isotropic colloids, possess distinct surface domains.
  • These particles are crucial for applications in colloidal assembly, catalysis, and biomedicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthesis strategies for functional patchy particles.
  • To categorize methods based on interfacial environments used to induce asymmetry.
  • To provide insights for engineering next-generation patchy particles.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of synthesis strategies by interfacial environments: solid-gas, liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid interfaces.
  • Review of recent advances in patchy particle elaboration based on interfacial constraints.
  • Analysis of the relationship between interfacial conditions, reactions, and particle features.

Main Results:

  • Solid-gas interfaces utilize physical shadowing for directional deposition.
  • Liquid-gas interfaces employ surface tension and wettability for dynamic masking.
  • Solid-liquid interfaces use immobilization for restricted chemical access or selective growth.
  • Liquid-liquid interfaces enable symmetry breaking through partitioning, confinement, and bipolar electrochemistry.

Conclusions:

  • The review highlights diverse interfacial strategies for patchy particle synthesis.
  • Understanding these strategies allows for precise control over particle complexity and functionality.
  • This work provides design principles for engineering advanced patchy particles for various applications.