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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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Published on: October 10, 2016

Concentration-Driven Li+ Solvation Engineering with TDMAP-Based Porphyrin Additives for Dendrite-Free Li Metal

Pooria Afzali1,2,3, Jian Wang1,3, Sergio Rodriguez4

  • 1Helmholtz Institute Ulm For Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Ulm, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tetrakis(4-N, N-dimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin (TDMAP) additive improves lithium metal battery performance by regulating lithium-ion solvation and enhancing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability, leading to smoother lithium deposition and longer cycle life.

Keywords:
Li metal batteriesLi+ solvation shellSEIelectrolyte additiveporphyrin

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium metal battery performance hinges on Li+ solvation and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) properties.
  • Dendrite growth, cycling stability, and Coulombic efficiency are critical performance metrics influenced by these factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modulate Li+ solvation structure and reinforce SEI stability using tetrakis(4-N, N-dimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin (TDMAP) as an electrolyte additive.
  • To investigate the impact of TDMAP on Li+ solvation shell composition and SEI formation in carbonate-based electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic measurements to analyze Li+ solvation shell structure and TDMAP interactions.
  • Electrochemical testing of lithium metal batteries with TDMAP-modified electrolytes.
  • Analysis of SEI composition and morphology after cycling.

Main Results:

  • TDMAP displaces ethylene carbonate (EC) from the Li+ solvation shell, forming mixed coordination environments (Li+-NMe2-PF6-).
  • Optimal TDMAP concentration (3 mg mL-1) promotes smooth, dense Li deposition and a LiF-rich, nitrogen-rich SEI.
  • Reduced nucleation overpotential (62 to 20 mV) and high Coulombic efficiency (~99%) were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • TDMAP effectively regulates Li+ solvation and SEI composition, crucial for high-performance lithium metal batteries.
  • Li-LiFePO4 full cells with TDMAP additive demonstrated excellent capacity retention (97.3% over 450 cycles).
  • Porphyrin-based additives offer a promising strategy for advancing lithium metal battery technology.