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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
04:42

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Published on: June 26, 2018

Coronal Spinal Deformity Does Not Predict Clinical Response to Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Tessa A Harland1, John Chen2, Sawyer Farmer2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany NY, USA.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Coronal spinal deformity did not impact short-term spinal cord stimulation (SCS) success in patients. This suggests that spinal alignment should not prevent SCS candidacy for eligible individuals.

Keywords:
Adult spinal deformitycobb anglecoronal spinal deformityneuromodulation outcomesspinal cord stimulation

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Published on: November 8, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Coronal spinal deformity is frequent in patients receiving spinal cord stimulation (SCS).
  • Deformity may complicate SCS lead placement and programming.
  • The impact of coronal alignment on SCS clinical response is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between thoracic and lumbar coronal deformity and one-year SCS outcomes.
  • To determine if spinal alignment influences patient response to SCS therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing thoracic SCS.
  • Measurement of thoracic and lumbar Cobb angles on perioperative radiographs.
  • Logistic regression analysis to evaluate associations between Cobb angles and one-year responder status (≥50% pain reduction).

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between thoracic or lumbar Cobb angles and one-year SCS responder status.
  • Neither continuous nor dichotomized Cobb angles independently predicted SCS response in adjusted analyses.
  • Exploratory analyses indicated potential modest geometry-dependent effects in specific contexts, but overall conclusions remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Coronal deformity severity was not associated with short-term response to thoracic SCS in this cohort.
  • Spinal deformity should not be a criterion for excluding patients from SCS.
  • Further research may explore subtle geometry-dependent effects in specific patient subgroups.