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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPATIAL MAPPING OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: CARTILAGINOUS-OSSEOUS COMPOSITE FORMATION, TENDON INTEGRATION AND VASCULARIZATION DURING SKELETAL GROWTH AND REPAIR.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests
08:36

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests

Published on: November 30, 2017

Bone Fragility: Time to Address the Matrix.

Samuel J Stephen1, Joy Y Wu2, Christopher J Hernandez1,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone strength depends more on extracellular matrix quality than density. Improving matrix quality offers a new therapeutic target for skeletal disorders, potentially surpassing current bone density treatments.

Keywords:
AgingAnalysis of BoneBone MatrixOsteocytesPreclinical Models

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests
08:36

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests

Published on: November 30, 2017

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
08:43

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mechanical failure, not just density, is key in skeletal disorders.
  • Current bone therapeutics target mass and density, with limitations.
  • Whole bone strength is highly sensitive to bone matrix quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight bone extracellular matrix quality as a critical, yet understudied, determinant of whole bone strength.
  • To review evidence supporting matrix quality's impact on bone strength and its therapeutic potential.
  • To advocate for matrix quality as a distinct therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on bone matrix quality, mechanical properties, and whole bone strength.
  • Analysis of the relationship between matrix mechanical properties and bone mass/density.
  • Discussion of limitations in current preclinical research regarding matrix quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • Whole bone strength is more influenced by matrix quality than by bone mass or density.
  • Bone matrix quality exhibits variability in humans, impacting skeletal strength.
  • Interventions can potentially improve matrix quality with minimal changes to bone mass/density.

Conclusions:

  • Bone matrix quality is a crucial, underappreciated factor in skeletal health and fracture prevention.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for skeletal disorders should incorporate matrix quality.
  • Developing methods to assess and enhance bone matrix quality is essential for future skeletal therapies.