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Related Concept Videos

Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
05:34

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Published on: June 6, 2025

ToxBase: A Multidimensional ToxCast Reference Database for High-Throughput Human Exposome Analysis.

Ryan Nguyen1, Griffin Rangel1, Xingzhu Liu1

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ToxBase, a new multidimensional database, enhances human exposome research by providing crucial reference data for chemical exposure profiling. This resource enables high-confidence identification of chemicals in biological samples, advancing analytical standardization.

Keywords:
MS/MSToxCastcollision cross sectionexposomeion mobility-mass spectrometrysuspect screening

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
05:34

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Environmental chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is vital for human exposome research, but lacks standardized reference data for chemical identification.
  • Scarcity of collision cross-section (CCS) and MS/MS fragmentation data impedes accurate structural annotation of chemical exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop ToxBase, a comprehensive multidimensional reference database for chemical exposure agents.
  • To facilitate high-confidence structural annotation and standardization in human exposome research.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a multidimensional database (m/z, retention time, CCS, MS/MS) for over 2,000 chemicals using high-throughput liquid chromatography-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS/MS).
  • Assembled a high-quality MS/MS reference library using targeted data-dependent acquisition and a novel data extraction algorithm (DDARawProcessor).
  • Validated ToxBase using human plasma, urine, and fecal samples.

Main Results:

  • ToxBase contains 3,598 precursor ions for 2,075 compounds with high precision and cross-platform agreement.
  • Application to human samples enabled rapid identification of 42 high-confidence (Level 1) chemical exposures.
  • The database demonstrated excellent interday CCS precision (98.5% < 1% RSD).

Conclusions:

  • ToxBase provides a valuable, freely available resource for standardized, large-scale exposome analysis.
  • The database supports vendor-agnostic suspect screening workflows via compatibility with the open-source Skyline platform.
  • ToxBase significantly advances confident structural annotation of chemical exposures in complex biological matrices.