Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
Kaplan-Meier Approach01:24

Kaplan-Meier Approach

The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a non-parametric method used to estimate the survival function from time-to-event data. In medical research, it is frequently employed to measure the proportion of patients surviving for a certain period after treatment. This estimator is fundamental in analyzing time-to-event data, making it indispensable in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and reliability engineering. By estimating survival probabilities, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness,...
Determination of Renal Drug Clearance: Graphical and Midpoint Methods01:07

Determination of Renal Drug Clearance: Graphical and Midpoint Methods

Renal clearance, a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics, can be determined using two different methods: the graphical method and the midpoint method. These methods provide insights into the rate of drug excretion by the kidneys and aid in assessing renal function.
The graphical method involves plotting the rate of drug excretion in urine against the plasma drug concentration. By analyzing the graph, the clearance can be calculated and obtained. Drugs rapidly excreted by the kidneys exhibit a...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nationwide Implementation of Non-Mandatory Preventive Medicine Programmes in Japanese Municipalities: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey and Evidence-Practice Gap Analysis.

Research square·2026
Same author

Effects of daridorexant on sleep architecture in Japanese patients with insomnia disorder: analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial.

Sleep and biological rhythms·2026
Same author

The Efficacy of Imeglimin and Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Using Oral Minimal Model: Sub-Analysis of an Exploratory Randomised Controlled Trial.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Delayed Bleeding Prevention and Sustained Closure Using the Reopenable Clip-Over-the-Line Method for Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

DEN open·2026
Same author

Evaluating the Feasibility of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes for a Population Receiving Specific Health Checkups: A Pilot Study.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

BALLAST study: A multicentre, open-label, randomized-controlled, 52-week clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin in older Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes receiving leucine-enriched amino acid supplementation and physical exercise programme.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids
08:52

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Published on: November 22, 2021

Optimizing Sample Size Calculation for Early-Stage CKD Trials Using eGFR Slope.

Tetsuya Ioji1, Tetsuo Saito2, Kenta Murotani1,3

  • 1Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Fukuoka-ken, Japan.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new formula helps estimate sample sizes for chronic kidney disease (CKD) trials using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope. It clarifies how trial duration, measurement frequency, and patient dropouts impact sample size needs.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids
08:52

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Published on: November 22, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope is a key surrogate endpoint in chronic kidney disease (CKD) trials.
  • Understanding the impact of trial design parameters on sample size is crucial for efficient clinical trial planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a sample size formula for CKD trials incorporating eGFR slope.
  • To develop a tool for calculating sample sizes considering slope difference, trial duration, measurement frequency, and dropout patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A linear mixed-effects model was used to derive the sample size formula.
  • The formula was validated using a simulation-based approach.
  • The formula was applied to analyze the influence of design parameters on sample size.

Main Results:

  • Frequent measurements reduce sample size more significantly in shorter trials.
  • Longer trials are better suited for detecting smaller eGFR slope differences.
  • Accounting for dropout patterns provides more accurate sample size estimations than simple inflation.

Conclusions:

  • The derived formula quantifies the interplay between trial design elements and sample size in CKD studies.
  • Optimal trial duration and measurement frequency depend on the expected eGFR slope difference.
  • Accurate sample size calculation is essential for the successful design and execution of CKD clinical trials.