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The Implementation of a Business Process Model and Notation for Modeling Patient Health Care Trajectories: Systematic
Jean-Baptiste Gartner1, Paolo Landa2, Matthew T Haren1
1Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Laval University, 2325 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada, 1 418 656-2131 ext 417857.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|June 9, 2026
Summary
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) offers benefits for health care process improvement by standardizing patient trajectories. However, challenges in complex settings and limited generalizability require further development and integration of new tools.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Process Management
- Healthcare Systems Engineering
Background:
- Healthcare systems face challenges in managing complex clinical processes.
- Patient-centered care pathways require process mapping for improvement.
- Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is increasingly used for patient health care trajectories, but its benefits in healthcare management are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the effectiveness of BPMN in modeling patient health care trajectories.
- To map implementation factors linking BPMN's intended purpose to outcomes.
- To examine the benefits and limitations of BPMN in healthcare settings.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched 8 databases for empirical, experimental, and conceptual articles on BPMN in healthcare.
- Included studies in French and English, appraised quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and analyzed data thematically.
Main Results:
- 61 studies included; BPMN enhances understanding of patient trajectories, identifies inefficiencies, and standardizes workflows.
- BPMN improves care quality, optimizes processes, streamlines workflows, and enhances clinical decision-making when integrated with decision-support tools.
- Challenges include scalability, integration, and modeling dynamic environments; limitations in study quality and geographic focus affect generalizability.
Conclusions:
- BPMN shows potential for standardizing and optimizing patient health care trajectories, improving efficiency.
- Trade-offs between BPMN's benefits and limitations exist in implementation.
- Opportunities lie in developing domain-specific extensions and integrating AI/ML for enhanced applicability.
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