Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fluorescein-Guided Surgery for Medial Plantar Nerve Intraneural Ganglion Cysts: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Assessing clinically relevant endemic environmental bacterial and viral contamination in neonatal intensive care areas.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2026
Same author

Differential awakening of the sciatic nerve: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

IND-enabling safety and efficacy of RPESC-RPE-4W, an adult RPE progenitor cell therapy for dry age-related macular degeneration.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same author

Racial disparities in healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Tibial and Plantar Intraneural Ganglion Cysts in the Ankle Region: Analysis Supports Articular Origin to Subtalar and Tibiotalar Joints and Differing Patterns of Propagation.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection of SOD1-ASOs for Precise CNS Targeting and Predictive Efficacy in Human SOD1-G93A ALS Mice
04:41

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection of SOD1-ASOs for Precise CNS Targeting and Predictive Efficacy in Human SOD1-G93A ALS Mice

Published on: February 24, 2026

Intrathecal Administration of Riluzole in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Alexandre Bétourné1, Pavlos Texakalidis2, Roy Raheb Khelo3

  • 1Betourne BioConsulting LLC, Alpharetta , Georgia , USA.

Neurosurgery
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Intrathecal (IT) riluzole shows promise for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treatment, offering improved spinal cord levels and tolerability. Further studies are planned to determine the optimal human dose and safety for ALS patients.

Keywords:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisIntrathecalRiluzole

More Related Videos

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice
08:17

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice

Published on: February 15, 2019

Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System
07:47

Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System

Published on: October 29, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection of SOD1-ASOs for Precise CNS Targeting and Predictive Efficacy in Human SOD1-G93A ALS Mice
04:41

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection of SOD1-ASOs for Precise CNS Targeting and Predictive Efficacy in Human SOD1-G93A ALS Mice

Published on: February 24, 2026

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice
08:17

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice

Published on: February 15, 2019

Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System
07:47

Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System

Published on: October 29, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Riluzole is the sole drug improving survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Oral riluzole efficacy is constrained by liver toxicity and variable patient responses.
  • Intrathecal (IT) administration in dogs demonstrated enhanced spinal cord drug levels and good tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the initial human cases of ALS patients treated with continuous IT riluzole.
  • To assess the safety and tolerability of IT riluzole in human ALS patients.

Main Methods:

  • A catheter was surgically placed in the lumbar cistern and connected to a subcutaneous pump for IT riluzole delivery.
  • Riluzole infusion began at 0.1 mg/h and was escalated to a maximum of 4.8 mg/d.
  • Treatment was administered over two years under fluoroscopic guidance.

Main Results:

  • Both patients tolerated dose escalation and long-term IT riluzole treatment without motor or sensory issues.
  • Patients did not experience asthenia, a common side effect that leads to discontinuation of oral riluzole.
  • Spinal cord drug levels were significantly higher compared to oral administration.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first chronic IT riluzole infusion in humans, demonstrating safety in a canine-tested dosage.
  • A Phase 1 clinical trial is planned to establish the maximum tolerated dose in humans.
  • Subsequent trials will evaluate the safety and tolerability of IT riluzole in a larger ALS patient cohort.