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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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Effect of creep-feeding on the reproductive efficiency of beef cows: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Daniel Brugnara1, Daniele Zago1, Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos1

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves Nº. 7712, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.

Animal Reproduction Science
|June 9, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Calf supplementationCreep-feedingPregnancy rateReproductive efficiency

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In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
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Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
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