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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography01:20

Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography

Introduction:
Abdominal ultrasonography, commonly known as abdominal ultrasound, is a vital, non-invasive medical imaging technique widely used in healthcare.
Procedure:
This diagnostic tool allows the clinician to visually inspect internal structures within the abdomen, including vital organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen.
The abdominal ultrasound process begins with applying a special gel to the patient's skin over the abdomen. This gel enhances the...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):

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3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
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Volumetric ultrasound via 3D Null Subtraction Imaging with matrix array.

Bingze Dai1, Xi Zhang1, Wei-Ning Lee1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Ultrasonics
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study presents three-dimensional Null Subtraction Imaging (3D NSI), a novel framework for volumetric ultrasound. 3D NSI enhances image resolution and contrast while significantly increasing acquisition speed for real-time 4D imaging.

Keywords:
3D ultrasoundApodizationDiverging waveHigh volume rateNull subtraction imagingSpiral array

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Conventional ultrasound imaging faces limitations in resolution and speed for dynamic applications.
  • Matrix arrays offer advanced capabilities but require efficient beamforming methods.
  • Null-subtraction techniques traditionally applied in 2D imaging need extension for volumetric data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a three-dimensional Null Subtraction Imaging (3D NSI) framework for matrix array ultrasound.
  • To enable simultaneous synthetic beam narrowing and sidelobe suppression in both azimuthal and elevational dimensions.
  • To improve image resolution, contrast, and acquisition speed for real-time 4D ultrasound.

Main Methods:

  • Developed specialized NSI apodizations for 2D receive apertures within a nonlinear beamforming framework.
  • Implemented a spiral no-reuse apodization for efficient transmit-receive event management.
  • Evaluated the framework using computer simulations, tissue-mimicking phantoms, and in vivo carotid imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant improvements in azimuthal and elevational resolutions (average 36%) and contrast ratio (approx. 20%) compared to Delay-and-Sum (DAS).
  • Demonstrated up to a 16-fold increase in acquisition volume rate using sparse apertures and spiral no-reuse apodization.
  • Attained acquisition rates exceeding 1000 volumes per second with a manageable computational load.

Conclusions:

  • 3D NSI is a versatile and efficient beamforming method for matrix arrays, outperforming conventional DAS.
  • The framework significantly enhances resolution, contrast, and acquisition speed, making it suitable for real-time 4D imaging.
  • 3D NSI shows strong potential for advancing cardiovascular and other dynamic ultrasound applications.