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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Baw-induced Streaming, Faraday Waves, and atomization on a paper substrate.

Vivek Karma¹, S Pushpavanam¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.

|June 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Acoustic-μPADs (A-μPADs), combining acoustics and paper-based devices for contactless fluid manipulation. The research maps acoustic phenomena like streaming, Faraday waves, and atomization for applications in mixing, patterning, and mist generation.

Keywords:

Atomization Bulk acoustic wave Faraday waves Flow regime map Sessile drop Streaming μPAD

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Area of Science:

Acoustofluidics
Microfluidics
Paper-based analytical devices

Background:

Acoustofluidics enables contactless manipulation with high versatility and biocompatibility.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) offer multiplexing, rapid response, and portability.

Purpose of the Study:

To combine acoustics with μPADs, creating Acoustic-μPADs (A-μPADs).
To investigate acoustic field-driven flow in sessile drops on hydrophobic paper.
To establish a flow regime map for A-μPAD applications.

Main Methods:

Selected paper substrates based on Young's modulus and acoustic impedance.
Developed a two-step fabrication process for hydrophobic paper to prevent liquid imbibition.
Investigated acoustic effects on sessile drops using Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV) and high-speed imaging.

Main Results:

Observed and recorded acoustic streaming, Faraday waves, and atomization within a single device.
Characterized the influence of excitation frequency and amplitude on drop behavior.
Generated a flow regime map based on dimensionless frequency and amplitude.

Conclusions:

Acoustic-μPADs demonstrate the capability to exhibit internal streaming, Faraday waves, and atomization.
The developed flow regime map serves as a guide for diverse applications.
This work lays the foundation for advanced acoustic manipulation on paper-based platforms.