Menopause in context: Embedded socioeconomic conditions and emerging challenges

Accounts of menopause across media, policy and workplaces have begun to highlight the relationship between menopause and the economy. However, embedded and emerging socioeconomic dynamics also underpin experiences of menopause in ways that are often overlooked. This commentary introduces three intersecting socioeconomic concepts shaping the contemporary experience of menopause. First, the 'economic iceberg of menopause' highlights how gendered patterns, including cumulative disadvantage, insecure employment, and financial vulnerability, converge during midlife to shape work participation and social and economic outcomes for those experiencing menopause. Second, the increasing reach of 'menomarkets' shows how market-driven ecosystems shape expectations and influence health-seeking behaviour. Finally, the concept of 'menocynicism' is introduced to describe cycles of scepticism surrounding menopausal knowledge and support. This scepticism is intensified by partisanship and patterns of prosumption, operating against the backdrop of the identity threat associated with menopause and its intersection with gendered ageism. Collectively, these socioeconomic concepts have profound implications for evidence-informed behaviours and inclusive menopausal practices. The article proposes enhanced education and awareness of contemporary socioeconomic dynamics and outlines possible interventions to overcome the ways they may impede effective menopause support.