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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Primary Prevention of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction
Syed Sarmad Javaid1, Muhammad Hanif2, Scott Paulson3
1Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly reduce cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) risk in cancer patients. This finding offers new hope for managing cardiotoxicity during cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is an increasing concern.
- The protective role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) against CTRCD is not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between GLP-1 RA use and CTRCD in cancer patients undergoing cardiotoxic therapy.
- To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in this population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of the TriNetX database (2010-2023).
- Inclusion of adult cancer patients without prior heart failure receiving cardiotoxic therapy.
- Propensity score matching to compare GLP-1 RA-exposed and unexposed groups.
- Cox proportional hazard models to assess CTRCD risk at 1 and 3 years.
Main Results:
- GLP-1 RA use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CTRCD at 1 year (HR: 0.49) and 3 years (HR: 0.56).
- Consistent protective effects were observed across various cardiotoxic therapies and in patients with metastatic cancer.
- GLP-1 RA users showed lower risks of incident heart failure, all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation.
Conclusions:
- GLP-1 RAs demonstrate a protective effect against CTRCD in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapy.
- GLP-1 RA use may mitigate cardiovascular risks and improve survival in cancer patients, including those with metastatic disease.
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