Transient vision loss from septic emboli mimicking giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medical emergency due to the high risk of permanent vision loss. It occurs most often in people of northern European ancestry, with a global prevalence of approximately 50-52 cases per 100 000 individuals aged 50 years and older. Distinguishing GCA from infectious processes can be challenging as both may produce constitutional symptoms and elevated acute-phase reactants. Septic emboli mimic GCA by causing transient or permanent visual disturbances and retinal lesions. This case report underscores the importance of ophthalmological evaluation to differentiate GCA from its mimics and ensure appropriate, safe management.