Review of Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy with poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Surgical resection, particularly oncologic extended resection, is the only curative option. Minimally invasive approaches, especially robotic-assisted surgery, have shown promise in improving perioperative outcomes while maintaining oncologic safety. Robotic surgery offers enhanced visualization, dexterity, and lymphadenectomy, though data remain limited. Incidental GBC requires tailored management based on tumor staging and cystic duct involvement. Despite advances, recurrence rates remain high. Future efforts should focus on optimizing surgical techniques, improving systemic therapies, and expanding access to specialized centers to enhance outcomes in GBC management.