Mind-body exercise interventions in older adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This study investigated the effects of mind-body interventions-defined as practices integrating physical movement, controlled breathing, and focused attention, such as yoga, dance, tai chi, and mindfulness-on neuropsychological and behavioural aspects in older adults with dementia.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and SciELO. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of movement-based mind-body interventions in dementia that reported at least one neuropsychological or behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia (BPSD) outcome. Physical function and quality of life were also evaluated as secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with effect sizes expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.

Eight RCTs comprising 529 participants met the inclusion criteria. Significantly large effects were observed for BPSD, particularly with mindfulness and tai chi interventions sustained for up to 1 year. Moderate improvements were also identified in neuropsychological and physical function compared with controls. No significant effects were detected for quality of life.

Movement-based mind-body interventions might be a cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategy to improve BPSD, neuropsychological, and physical function in individuals with dementia. However, current evidence only permits general clinical recommendations. Further large-scale, well-designed RCTs are needed to consolidate the evidence base and guide dementia care practices. This systematic review follows PRISMA-S guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023483823).