Enhancing environmental sustainability in Somalia through water conservation, pollution reduction, energy saving, and...

Somalia faces severe environmental challenges, including soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, and land degradation, which diminish agricultural productivity and exacerbate food insecurity. Vulnerable populations are increasingly affected by droughts, floods, and climate-related disasters that limit livelihood opportunities and threaten long-term sustainability. This study investigates the key factors contributing to environmental sustainability in Somalia. The research data for this study were gathered using a structured questionnaire developed based on previous studies to collect primary data from the targeted respondents. A survey was conducted with 240 respondents, of whom 50(20.8) completed it online, and 190(79.80) participated face-to-face. The data collected were analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings reveal that Conservation of Water, Reduction of Pollution, Saving Energy, and Waste Management Efficiency are all positively and significantly related to Environmental sustainability in Somalia. These results highlight the importance of effective water use, pollution reduction, energy conservation, and efficient waste management in mitigating ecological damage. The study suggests that sustainable environmental practices can improve resilience to climate-related impacts and support broader development goals. The practical implications of this research encourage policymakers, environmental agencies, and stakeholders to implement targeted strategies aimed at enhancing environmental protection. A stronger focus on these factors can contribute significantly to promoting sustainability and improving the quality of life for communities across Somalia.