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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Hydrocolloid Effects on Shear and Extensional Rheology.

Elaine M Lipkin1, Nicole M Rogus-Pulia2,3,4, Mark A Nicosia5

  • 1Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Dysphagia
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thickened beverages for dysphagia management show varied rheological properties. Different hydrocolloids impact shear thinning and extensional viscosity, suggesting distinct properties influence swallowing performance.

Keywords:
DysphagiaExtensional rheologyFood oral processingHydrocolloidsShear rheologyThickeners

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Rheology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Thickened beverages are crucial for managing dysphagia, a swallowing disorder.
  • The rheological properties of these beverages significantly impact swallowing safety and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shear and extensional rheological behaviors of beverages thickened with various hydrocolloids.
  • To determine how different hydrocolloids affect the flow properties and structural characteristics of thickened fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Prepared thickened beverages using 11 different hydrocolloids: modified starch (STA), xanthan gum (XAN), konjac gum (KJC), tara gum (TG), sodium alginate (SA), iota carrageenan (IC), sodium caseinate (SC), high methoxyl pectin (HMP), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and methylcellulose (MC).
  • Measured apparent shear viscosity at a shear rate of 30 s-1, shear thinning behavior, and extensional rheology (capillary breakup time and extensional viscosity).

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in shear thinning were observed, with XAN, TG, and KJC showing pronounced shear thinning compared to SC and HMP.
  • HPMC, CMC, and MC exhibited the highest capillary breakup times and extensional viscosity, while STA had the lowest.
  • No correlation was found between the shear thinning index and extensional viscosity across the tested hydrocolloids.

Conclusions:

  • Shear and extensional rheology measure distinct properties critical for thickened fluid performance in dysphagia management.
  • Optimizing both shear and extensional properties of thickened beverages can enhance their suitability for individuals with swallowing difficulties.