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Tumor organoids as a revolutionary platform for advancing cancer nanomedicine
Chenyu Wu1, Jingyao Chen1, Chuanyi Zhang2
1Laboratory of Precision Therapeutics, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-RelatedMolecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Abstract:
Nanomedicine has revolutionized oncology through targeted drug delivery and theranostic applications. However, its clinical translation remains a formidable challenge, primarily due to the translational gap created by conventional preclinical models. These models often fail to recapitulate patient-specific tumor heterogeneity and the complex dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. This review posits that emerging tumor organoid platforms, particularly tumor organoid-on-a-chip systems, represent a transformative solution. A key contribution of this review is the introduction of a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing nanomedicine efficacy, safety and clinical correlation using organoid platforms, offering a critical comparison with conventional models. Furthermore, we identify pivotal challenges including simulation of tumor immune microenvironment, material compatibility, and integration with artificial intelligence, and propose innovative bioengineering approaches to address them. By faithfully bridging the gap between in vitro models and human pathophysiology, tumor organoid platforms are poised to unlock the full clinical potential of next-generation cancer nanomedicine.
Insights
Tumor organoid platforms offer a solution to the translational gap in nanomedicine for cancer. These advanced models improve the assessment of nanomedicine efficacy and safety, paving the way for clinical translation.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Oncology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Nanomedicine shows promise in cancer treatment through targeted delivery and theranostics.
- Clinical translation of nanomedicine is hindered by conventional preclinical models that fail to capture tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment complexity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential of tumor organoid platforms, especially organoid-on-a-chip systems, to overcome limitations in preclinical cancer nanomedicine research.
- To introduce a framework for evaluating nanomedicine efficacy and safety using organoid platforms and compare it with conventional models.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review on nanomedicine in oncology and the application of organoid technologies.
- Development of an evaluation framework for nanomedicine assessment in organoid models.
- Identification of challenges and bioengineering solutions for organoid-based nanomedicine research.
Main Results:
- Tumor organoid platforms, particularly organoid-on-a-chip systems, can better recapitulate patient-specific tumor characteristics and microenvironment dynamics.
- The proposed framework facilitates a more accurate assessment of nanomedicine efficacy, safety, and clinical correlation compared to traditional models.
- Key challenges include simulating the tumor immune microenvironment, ensuring material compatibility, and integrating artificial intelligence.
Conclusions:
- Tumor organoid platforms represent a transformative solution for bridging the translational gap in cancer nanomedicine.
- Addressing challenges in immune microenvironment simulation, material compatibility, and AI integration will further enhance these models.
- These platforms are poised to unlock the full clinical potential of next-generation cancer nanomedicine.
