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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
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Published on: April 11, 2016

Encouraging a move toward precision geromedicine.

Luigi Ferrucci1, Stefano Donega1, Andrea B Maier2,3,4

  • 1National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Geromedicine
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging is a complex process where molecular damage accumulates, and resilience declines unevenly. Understanding individual aging requires integrating various biomarkers to guide personalized interventions.

Keywords:
Geroscienceagingbiomarkersgeromedicinehealthspanmultimorbidityresiliencetrajectories

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Systems Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery and Application
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Aging is a heterogeneous, multi-system process characterized by accumulating molecular damage and declining physiological resilience.
  • Individual aging trajectories diverge early due to unequal resilience distribution, leading to varied functional decline and age-related diseases.
  • Early aging deviations in mitochondrial function, proteostasis, inflammation, and metabolism are often clinically silent, detectable via gerodiagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current biomarkers in quantifying aging biology and their decline in specificity with multimorbidity.
  • To advocate for precision geromedicine integrating gerodiagnostics with functional reserve, behavior, physiology, and exposome measures.
  • To enable identification of individualized aging trajectories and underlying biological pathways for targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current understanding of aging biology, damage accumulation, and resilience erosion.
  • Analysis of the limitations of existing biomarkers for aging assessment versus disease detection.
  • Conceptual framework development for integrating diverse data types (gerodiagnostics, functional reserve, exposome) for personalized aging analysis.

Main Results:

  • Aging is driven by a dynamic interplay between ubiquitous damage accumulation and finite, unequally distributed resilience.
  • Current biomarkers often detect disease rather than aging itself, with specificity decreasing in multimorbidity.
  • A systems-level approach integrating gerodiagnostics, functional measures, and exposome data is crucial for understanding individual aging.

Conclusions:

  • Precision geromedicine necessitates integrating gerodiagnostics that assess system-level resilience and stress responsiveness.
  • This integrated approach allows for the identification of individualized aging trajectories and causal pathways.
  • Individualized gerointerventions can modify aging trajectories by targeting identified pathways, moving beyond disease-specific treatments.