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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

MiR-1a-3p/Fcgr4-dependent osteoclast activation regulates pathological bone loss.

Jiayao Zhang1, Yun Zhai1, Liang He2

  • 1Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Tongji Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The miR-1a-3p-Fcgr4 axis links systemic stress to osteoporosis by regulating osteoclast activity. Reduced miR-1a-3p and increased Fcgr4 expression promote bone loss in stress models and human osteoporosis.

Keywords:
FcγRIVlumbar spinemiR-1a-3posteoclastosteoimmunology

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis involves disrupted bone homeostasis between resorption and formation.
  • Chronic systemic conditions can affect immune-bone interactions, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of miR-1a-3p and its target Fcgr4 in immune-mediated osteoclast dysregulation.
  • Determine if psychological stress influences this axis in bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase assays identified miR-1a-3p targeting Fcgr4.
  • In vitro studies assessed miR-1a-3p effects on osteoclasts.
  • Human cohorts and a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model evaluated miR-1a-3p/Fcgr4 in osteoporosis and stress.

Main Results:

  • miR-1a-3p directly targets and suppresses Fcgr4, inhibiting osteoclast activity.
  • miR-1a-3p was downregulated in human osteoporosis and bone loss models.
  • CUMS induced decreased miR-1a-3p, increased Fcgr4, activated FcγRIV-SYK-NFATc1 signaling, and exacerbated osteoporotic bone loss.

Conclusions:

  • The miR-1a-3p-Fcgr4 axis connects systemic pathology to immune-mediated osteoclast dysfunction.
  • This axis provides a mechanism for stress-induced bone loss and informs immune-bone interactions in chronic diseases.