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Designing a minimum-cost health system for countrywide universal coverage
João Flávio de Freitas Almeida1, Fabricio Oliveira2, Samuel Vieira Conceição1
1Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Health Systems (Basingstoke, England)
|June 10, 2026
Summary
Designing national health systems requires strategic planning for workforce, equipment, and costs. This study offers a model to optimize healthcare delivery and accessibility in diverse regions, aligning with global health goals.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Health Policy
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Achieving universal health coverage and system efficiency is crucial for national health systems.
- Strategic planning for health infrastructure, workforce, and equipment is essential for long-term effectiveness.
- Geographical context significantly impacts healthcare accessibility and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel analysis and strategic planning tool for designing national health systems.
- To assess projected health infrastructure and resources considering workforce, equipment, costs, and accessibility.
- To evaluate health requirements in different geographical contexts, aligning with global health initiatives.
Main Methods:
- Development of a strategic planning model for national health systems.
- Integration of data from OECD, World Bank, OpenStreetMap, and national health statistics.
- Application of the model to case studies in Brazil, Finland, and France.
Main Results:
- Dispersed populations benefit from smaller healthcare facilities (hospitals, clinics, health centers).
- Brazil requires increased health professionals, radiotherapy equipment, and logistics investment ($7.95 billion) to improve accessibility.
- Finland needs more hospital beds and CT scanners; France could benefit from a centralized model with increased investment in nursing and mammography equipment.
Conclusions:
- National health system design must consider geographical variations and population dispersion.
- Tailored investments in infrastructure, workforce, and technology are necessary to enhance healthcare efficiency and accessibility.
- The developed model provides a practical framework for medium- and long-term strategic health system planning.
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