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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons reduce...

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Interfacial Proton-Relay Microenvironment Enables Self-Driven Singlet Oxygen Generation under Neutral Conditions.

Qiaoyu Gao1, Xiaohui Dai1, Jian Ye1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel catalyst using MoS2 and CuCl to activate oxygen (O2) into singlet oxygen (1O2) without external energy. This green chemistry approach enables efficient pollutant removal and sustainable oxidation processes.

Keywords:
acidic microenvironmentmolecular oxygenneutral conditionproton relaysinglet oxygen

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Activating molecular oxygen (O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) under neutral conditions is crucial for green oxidation chemistry.
  • Existing methods are limited by slow proton-coupled OOH formation and desorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer an interfacial proton-relay microenvironment for energy-free O2 to 1O2 conversion.
  • To enable self-driven O2 activation without external energy inputs for oxidation chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a catalyst with MoS2 and CuCl to create an interfacial proton-relay microenvironment.
  • Utilized electron-deficient sulfur sites in MoS2 as a proton reservoir.
  • Facilitated proton migration through Cu-S-Mo channels to activate O2 on Cu sites.

Main Results:

  • Achieved self-driven O2 to 1O2 conversion without external energy.
  • Demonstrated accelerated OOH hydrogenation and suppressed O-O bond cleavage.
  • Attained quantitative pollutant removal with sustained operation (>16 h) in pilot-scale membrane filtration.

Conclusions:

  • The interfacial proton-relay design overcomes proton-transfer limitations in O2 activation.
  • This approach offers a general strategy for sustainable oxidation and environmental remediation using transition metal sulfides.
  • The engineered system advances autonomous catalytic platforms for green chemistry.