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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Long Noncoding RNA SDRG Regulates Drosophila Neuromuscular Synapse Development by Modulating Frequenin 2 Through

Mingyang Cui1,2, Yingxuan Wang1,2, Mengbo Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel long noncoding RNA, Synapse Development Regulatory Gene (SDRG), controls synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction. SDRG deficiency causes overgrowth by antagonizing frequenin 2 (frq2) via Coracle (Cora).

Keywords:
DrosophilaNMJlong noncoding RNAsatellite boutonsynaptic development

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Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology
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Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology

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Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay
10:31

Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: January 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology
12:29

Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology

Published on: May 3, 2017

Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay
10:31

Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: January 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Synaptic development and plasticity are critical for neural circuit function.
  • The fruit fly larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a model for studying synaptic development.
  • The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in synaptic development is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel lncRNAs involved in synaptic development.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate synaptic growth at the NMJ.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic screening and manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • RNA sequencing and molecular assays.
  • Immunohistochemistry and microscopy for synaptic structure analysis.

Main Results:

  • A novel lncRNA, Synapse Development Regulatory Gene (SDRG), was identified.
  • SDRG deficiency leads to synaptic overgrowth at the NMJ, characterized by excess satellite boutons.
  • SDRG antagonizes frequenin 2 (frq2) activity through the protein Coracle (Cora), mediating synaptic growth regulation.

Conclusions:

  • SDRG is a novel regulator of synaptic growth at the NMJ.
  • The SDRG-frq2-Cora pathway offers new insights into synaptic development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may aid in addressing neuropsychiatric disorders linked to abnormal synaptic development.