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Preoperative Prediction of Acute Appendicitis Pathological Type and Complicating Perforation Using IL-6 and IL-10
Haijia Zhang1, Yongjie Wu1, Jie An1
1General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Surgical Infections
|June 10, 2026
Summary
Serum IL-6 levels effectively distinguish between acute appendicitis types and predict perforation. This cytokine shows superior diagnostic performance compared to IL-10 for appendicitis pathology and perforation prediction.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Diagnostics
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Acute appendicitis presents with varied pathological types, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
- Accurate preoperative differentiation of appendicitis severity is crucial for patient management.
- Biomarkers like IL-6 and IL-10 are investigated for their diagnostic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in differentiating acute appendicitis pathological subtypes.
- To assess the preoperative predictive value of IL-6 and IL-10 for appendicitis perforation.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 376 patients with acute appendicitis.
- Patients categorized into simple, suppurative, and gangrenous appendicitis based on histopathology.
- Stratification into non-perforated and perforated groups.
- Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels analyzed for diagnostic and predictive accuracy.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in IL-6 levels were observed across all appendicitis pathological types (p < 0.0001).
- IL-6 demonstrated strong independent predictive value for appendicitis pathology and perforation (AUC > 0.80).
- IL-6 levels were significantly higher in perforated appendicitis cases (p < 0.001).
- IL-10 showed fair diagnostic performance but was consistently outperformed by IL-6.
Conclusions:
- Serum IL-6 is a valuable biomarker for distinguishing between pathological subtypes of acute appendicitis.
- IL-6 serves as an effective preoperative predictor of appendicitis perforation.
- IL-6 exhibits superior diagnostic utility compared to IL-10 in this context.
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