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Intelligent optical pH sensing via metasurface spectral encoding and machine learning.

Jiayi Hu, Yingbo Li, Wanjun Wang

    Applied Optics
    |June 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an intelligent optical pH sensor using metasurfaces and AI. It accurately measures pH from test strips, overcoming visual limitations for reliable chemical sensing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Sensing
    • Metamaterials
    • Chemical Analysis

    Background:

    • Visual pH test strip interpretation suffers from subjectivity and inaccuracy.
    • Existing electrochemical sensors require frequent calibration, limiting their on-site application.
    • Advanced optical methods are needed for precise and portable pH monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact, intelligent optical pH sensing system.
    • To overcome the limitations of visual interpretation and electrochemical sensor calibration.
    • To enable accurate and rapid on-site pH analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a metasurface for random spectral encoding.
    • Employed a neural-network-assisted framework for spectral reconstruction.

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    Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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  • Developed a system correlating spectral signatures with pH values.
  • Trained a fully connected neural network for quantitative pH detection.

    • Main Results:

    • Accurate reconstruction of pH test strip transmission spectra was achieved.
    • A three-dimensional dataset linked spectral data to pH values.
    • Quantitative pH detection was enabled without electrode calibration.
    • The system demonstrated robustness and efficiency for on-site analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed metasurface-based optical system offers a precise alternative to visual pH strip reading.
    • This intelligent sensor overcomes key limitations of current pH measurement technologies.
    • The system shows significant potential for portable and rapid chemical sensing applications.