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Related Concept Videos

Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

Colligative Properties of ElectrolytesThe colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one dissolved...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Compact Solvation Enables Sub-Minute Sodium-Ion Storage: A Data-Driven Perspective.

Mingxu Wang1, Chenyu Tang2, Jinyu Yang1

  • 1College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extremely fast charging (XFC) batteries benefit from optimized electrolytes. Compact solvation electrolytes enable sub-minute sodium-ion charging, achieving 250 A g-1 and 100,000 cycles.

Keywords:
Na+‐solvent co‐intercalationcompact solvationdata‐drivenextremely fast chargegraphitesub‐minute

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Extremely fast charging (XFC) is crucial for modern technologies, but electrolyte effects on XFC are unclear.
  • Current methods struggle to analyze sub-minute battery charging behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of electrolyte properties on sub-minute sodium-ion storage using a data-driven approach.
  • To identify key electrolyte factors influencing ultrafast charging performance.

Main Methods:

  • Data-driven analysis of physical and solvation properties.
  • Causal graph analysis to determine correlations.
  • Electrochemical testing of optimized electrolytes and full batteries.

Main Results:

  • Solvation cluster size negatively correlates with ultrafast sodium-ion storage.
  • Optimized electrolytes achieved 250 A g-1 current density and 100,000 cycles.
  • Graphite||Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 batteries demonstrated sub-minute charging (3.4s) and stable cycling (24,000 cycles at 50 C).

Conclusions:

  • A data-driven strategy successfully identified key electrolyte properties for XFC.
  • Compact solvation electrolytes are promising for next-generation XFC batteries.
  • This work pioneers a new assessment method for advanced electrolytes.