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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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Visual System

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Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Light Spot-Based Assay for Analysis of Drosophila Larval Phototaxis
07:16

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Published on: September 27, 2019

Light Intensity-Driven Bidirectional Photoresponse Vision Sensor for Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance System.

Zhen Liu1, Sen Zhang2, Pingdan Xiao3

  • 1School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor & Functional Device Integration, Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel bio-inspired vision sensor that mimics insect escape behaviors for robotics. The device achieves dynamic threat-distance adaptation using a unique heterostructure for efficient obstacle avoidance.

Keywords:
autonomous obstacle avoidancephototransistortwo‐dimensional perovskitetwo‐dimensional semiconductorsvision sensors

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
  • Bio-inspired Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bio-inspired vision sensors offer potential for advanced robotics and AI.
  • Mimicking insect neural circuits for dynamic threat-distance adaptation in bionic vision is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a vision sensor emulating insect phototactic/scototactic behaviors for dynamic threat-distance adaptation.
  • To create a novel 2D heterostructure capable of biomimetic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 2D PVK/h-BN/MoS2/h-BN/2D PVK heterostructure.
  • Implementation of symmetrical gate-field co-regulation for antagonistic field-effect modulation.
  • Utilizing hopping-like ion transport for persistent photocurrent (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC).

Main Results:

  • The sensor successfully emulates insect phototactic/scototactic behaviors.
  • Achieved persistent positive photocurrent (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC) via hole/cation and electron/anion accumulation, respectively.
  • Demonstrated voltage-tunable braking distance control in an autonomous obstacle avoidance system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed vision sensor provides a valuable reference for bionic vision systems.
  • The symmetrical gate-field co-regulation strategy effectively mimics insect neural processing for collision avoidance.
  • This technology enables efficient navigation in dynamic environments by processing light intensity, accumulation, and rate-of-change.