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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
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Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Individual Culturing of Tigriopus Copepods and Quantitative Analysis of Their Mate-guarding Behavior
06:24

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Published on: September 26, 2018

The Copepoda mitogenome as a dynamic evolutionary landscape.

Javier Urban-Olivares1,2, Elizabeth Ortega-Mayagoitia2, José Arturo Alcántara-Rodríguez2

  • 1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cto. de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Plos One
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Copepod mitochondrial genomes reveal large non-coding regions and dynamic gene order, suggesting rapid evolution. This study enhances understanding of copepod adaptation and diversification mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Published on: September 26, 2018

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Published on: February 3, 2023

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08:03

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Area of Science:

  • * Marine biology and evolutionary genetics.
  • * Zoology and molecular ecology.

Background:

  • * Copepods are ecologically and economically vital but lack extensive molecular resources.
  • * Understanding copepod diversification and adaptation is hindered by limited genomic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze the evolutionary patterns of copepod mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes).
  • * To investigate the role of non-coding regions (NCRs) and gene order in copepod evolution.
  • * To identify selection pressures driving copepod diversification.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of 19 complete copepod mitogenomes from GenBank.
  • * De novo assembly of five new mitogenomes from the genus Leptodiaptomus.
  • * Comparative genomic analysis focusing on NCRs, gene order, and selection.

Main Results:

  • * Newly assembled Leptodiaptomus mitogenomes are the largest in Copepoda (>36,000 bp).
  • * Copepod mitogenomes exhibit dynamic gene ordering and significant expansion of NCRs in Calanoida.
  • * Evidence of both purifying and positive selection on mitochondrial genes across copepod phylogeny.

Conclusions:

  • * Copepod mitogenome evolution is characterized by large NCRs and flexible gene arrangements.
  • * Positive selection on mitochondrial genes likely drives copepod adaptation and diversification.
  • * Findings provide a foundation for future research on copepod evolution and environmental responses.