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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Draining Lymph Node Metastasis Model for Assessing the Dynamics of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells During Tumorigenesis
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Lymph node microenvironment remodeling unlocks local antibody-mediated B cell depletion.

Zacarias Garcia1, Margot Bardou1, Anne Loap1

  • 1Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France.

Science Advances
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Lymph nodes shield malignant B cells from anti-CD20 antibody therapy. Remodeling the lymph node microenvironment enhances B cell depletion, improving treatment efficacy for B cell malignancies.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy
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Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy

Published on: August 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymph nodes (LNs) serve as reservoirs for CD20+ B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
  • Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have improved outcomes but face limitations like relapse and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the lymph node microenvironment in modulating anti-CD20 mAb efficacy.
  • To identify strategies for overcoming therapeutic limitations within lymphoid organs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B cell behavior and localization within lymph nodes.
  • Assessment of anti-CD20 mAb efficacy in the presence and absence of lymph node microenvironment remodeling (e.g., irradiation).

Main Results:

  • Malignant B cells exhibit sessile, tissue-retained behavior within LNs, limiting systemic depletion.
  • LN architecture acts as a structural barrier, segregating B cells from effector cells.
  • Remodeling the LN microenvironment via irradiation enhanced anti-CD20 mAb-mediated B cell depletion.

Conclusions:

  • The lymph node microenvironment significantly impacts anti-CD20 mAb efficacy.
  • LN architecture presents a barrier to antibody-based therapies.
  • Tissue remodeling is a potential strategy to improve therapeutic responses in lymphoid organs.