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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Videos

Training Community Health Workers for Diabetes Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review.

Anirudh Gaurang Gudlavalleti1,2, Sureshkumar Kamalakannan2,3, Sophie Vanbelle S4

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

JMIR Diabetes
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Training community health workers (CHWs) in type 2 diabetes management shows limited impact on glycemic control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Further research is needed to standardize CHW training for better diabetes care in underserved populations.

Keywords:
HbALMICscommunity health workerscommunity health workers trainingdiabetes managementglycated hemoglobinlow- and middle-income countriessystematic reviewtask shifting

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), accounting for 73% of cases.
  • Task-shifting to community health workers (CHWs) is a strategy used in LMICs due to resource constraints.
  • Evidence on the effectiveness of CHW training in diabetes management is limited and indirect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy of training CHWs in type 2 diabetes management within LMICs.
  • To assess the impact of CHW training on diabetes screening and management at the community level.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases for studies published between January 2000 and April 2024.
  • Included randomized controlled trials and observational studies; primary outcome was change in HbA1c; data synthesized narratively.

Main Results:

  • Four studies (3 RCTs, 1 observational) were included from 3387 screened.
  • One RCT showed a statistically significant HbA1c reduction of -0.24%, but it was not the primary outcome.
  • Other studies reported nonsignificant HbA1c reductions; risk of bias was moderate to serious.

Conclusions:

  • CHW training in T2DM management has shown limited, indirect effects on glycemic control in LMICs.
  • Small study numbers, training heterogeneity, and complex interventions limit definitive conclusions.
  • Standardizing CHW training may enhance diabetes care in underserved settings; further research is recommended.