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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice
12:12

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

Engineered probiotic for hepatic encephalopathy.

Cynthia L Hsu1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a bacterial cocktail to treat hepatic encephalopathy. This therapy neutralizes toxins like ammonia and replenishes amino acids, targeting the gut-liver-brain axis in cirrhosis patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice
12:12

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuroinflammatory complication of cirrhosis.
  • It arises from metabolic imbalances along the gut-liver-brain axis.
  • Current treatments for HE have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel therapeutic strategy for hepatic encephalopathy.
  • To address the simultaneous metabolic dysregulation in HE.
  • To develop a targeted approach for cirrhosis complications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multi-strain bacterial cocktail.
  • Engineering bacteria to neutralize toxic metabolites (ammonia, L-glutamine).
  • Designing bacteria to replenish essential amino acids.

Main Results:

  • The engineered bacterial cocktail effectively neutralizes ammonia and L-glutamine.
  • The therapy aims to restore metabolic balance in the gut-liver-brain axis.
  • This represents a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for HE.

Conclusions:

  • A novel bacterial cocktail offers a potential treatment for hepatic encephalopathy.
  • Targeting gut-liver-brain axis dysregulation is crucial for managing HE.
  • This approach holds promise for improving outcomes in cirrhosis patients.