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Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Published on: June 18, 2013

A functional placenta-on-chip model for maternal-fetal transport.

Anshul Bhide¹, Sourav Mukherjee², Kinjalka Ghosh³

¹Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR National Institute for Research on Women's Health (ICMR-NIRWoH); (Formerly ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India.

|June 10, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a novel placenta-on-a-chip model to study human placental barrier function. This accessible platform accurately mimics placental transport and metabolic regulation, aiding research into pregnancy complications and drug safety.

Keywords:

human placental barrier maternal-fetal interface non-animal model (NAM)organ-on-chip placenta-on-chip static diffusion model

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Published on: June 18, 2013

Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero

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Published on: September 8, 2023

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Published on: May 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Biomedical Engineering
Developmental Biology

Background:

The human placenta is a complex barrier crucial for fetal development, but studying its function is challenging due to limited tissue access and complex in vitro models.
Existing models often fail to fully recapitulate the structural and functional intricacies of the in vivo human placental barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a static, two-chamber placenta-on-a-chip platform that recreates key attributes of the human placental barrier.
To provide an experimentally accessible model for investigating placental transport, metabolic regulation, and barrier integrity.

Main Methods:

A two-chamber device separated by a microporous membrane coated with extracellular matrix was designed.
The platform was engineered to support trophoblast syncytialization, hormone secretion, and selective barrier function.
Experiments assessed macromolecular restriction, small solute diffusion, glucose transport, urea exchange, and response to hyperglycemic conditions.

Main Results:

The engineered placental barrier restricted macromolecular transport while allowing controlled diffusion of small solutes.
Glucose transport was sensitive to cellular configuration and endothelial layer presence, yielding in vivo-comparable fetal-to-maternal ratios.
The platform demonstrated directional urea transfer and increased glucose transport under hyperglycemia without barrier breakdown.

Conclusions:

The developed placenta-on-a-chip platform offers a scalable and robust model for studying placental barrier function, transport, and metabolism.
This model provides a valuable tool for advancing research in placental biology, pregnancy-associated pathologies, and the safety assessment of drugs during pregnancy.