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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Alexandre Chevalier1, Baptiste Bonneau2, Lea Grote-Levi3

  • 1Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, Bordeaux, France.

Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyomavirus-specific T cell (PyVST) therapy shows promise for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain infection. This study found encouraging survival rates and a good safety profile in real-world patients receiving PyVST.

Keywords:
Cellular therapyJC polyomavirusProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyVirus-specific T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, life-threatening brain infection caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV).
  • Currently, no effective antiviral therapies exist for PML, necessitating novel treatment strategies.
  • Cellular therapies, specifically polyomavirus-specific T cells (PyVST), have emerged as a potential therapeutic option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of PyVST in patients diagnosed with PML.
  • To identify factors influencing treatment outcomes in PML patients receiving PyVST.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 64 PML patients from 13 centers who received PyVST alongside standard care.
  • Evaluation of patient characteristics, T-cell product details, and clinical outcomes, including survival and adverse events.
  • Multivariate analysis to identify predictors of survival.

Main Results:

  • Hematologic malignancies were the most common predisposing condition (51.6%).
  • One-year survival rate was 62% (excluding non-PML deaths).
  • Lower CSF JCPyV DNA levels at therapy initiation were significantly associated with improved survival (p=0.0266).
  • PyVST demonstrated a favorable safety profile with rare adverse events like IRIS (7.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Adoptive T cell therapy using PyVST offers encouraging one-year survival rates for PML patients.
  • PyVST exhibits a favorable safety profile, with low incidence of adverse events.
  • Further research is needed to optimize T-cell generation strategies and identify patient/product characteristics influencing outcomes.