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Sound hypersensitivity phenotypes and sound hypersensitivity disorder.

Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez1, Dirk De Ridder2, Kelly N Jahn3

  • 1Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Otology & Neurotology Group CTS495, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid 28029, Spain; Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study defines sound hypersensitivity, a common symptom in various disorders. It proposes diagnostic criteria to differentiate sound hypersensitivity disorder and its phenotypes for better research and clinical understanding.

Keywords:
Auditory neuroscienceHyperacusisMisophoniaNoxacusisPhonophobiaTinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Sound hypersensitivity is a common symptom in patients with hearing loss, tinnitus, and neurological/psychiatric disorders.
  • It encompasses various phenotypes like hyperacusis, noxacusis, misophonia, phonophobia, and noise-induced cognitive symptoms.
  • Some individuals develop sound hypersensitivity disorder, characterized by recurrent sound-induced symptoms with negative emotional responses and functional limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an overarching definition and diagnostic criteria for sound hypersensitivity and sound hypersensitivity disorder.
  • To differentiate sound hypersensitivity as a symptom from the disorder and distinguish between its various phenotypes.
  • To foster collaboration and innovation in auditory, behavioral, and cognitive neurosciences research.

Main Methods:

  • Convened an international, multidisciplinary working group.
  • Developed a theoretical foundation for sound hypersensitivity.
  • Proposed objective operational diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • An overarching definition for sound hypersensitivity and its phenotypes is proposed.
  • Diagnostic criteria for sound hypersensitivity disorder are outlined.
  • The importance of differentiating phenotypes and the disorder from tinnitus is emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing clear definitions and diagnostic criteria is crucial for advancing research and clinical practice.
  • This work represents a paradigm shift in understanding and addressing sound hypersensitivity.
  • Further collaboration is needed to tackle this underappreciated condition.